Male-to-Female (MTF) Surgery:

• Orchiectomy: Removal of the testicles.
• Vaginoplasty: Creation of a neovagina using penile and scrotal tissue.
• Labiaplasty: Creation of labia from existing tissue.
• Clitoroplasty: Construction of a neoclitoris.

Female-to-Male (FTM) Surgery:

• Chest surgery: Mastectomy to remove breast tissue.
• Hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus and sometimes the ovaries.
• Phalloplasty: Construction of a neophallus using various donor tissues.
• Metoidioplasty: Release of the clitoris to resemble a small penis.

Before undergoing surgery, individuals typically go through a thorough assessment process, including psychological evaluations and counseling, to ensure they are well-informed and emotionally prepared for the surgery. Additionally, hormone therapy is often part of the transition process to induce physical changes that align with the individual’s gender identity.